ู ุฑุญุจูุง ุจูู ูู ู ูุชุจุฉ ูุชุจ ุงูุนุฑุงู
Welcome to Iraq's book library
Iraq โ quotes, proverbs & wisdom
Real words from the people of Iraq, each with a verified source. New quotes are added as each is fact-checked.
The story of Iraq
Iraq occupies the land of ancient Mesopotamia, the 'land between the rivers' (Tigris and Euphrates), where the Sumerians developed one of the world's earliest writing systems, cuneiform, in the 4th millennium BCE. The region gave rise to a succession of major civilizations , Akkad, Babylon, and Assyria , and produced the Code of Hammurabi, among the oldest known legal codes, circa 1754 BCE. Baghdad, founded in 762 CE, became the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate and the intellectual heart of the Islamic Golden Age, home to the House of Wisdom where scholars advanced mathematics, astronomy, and medicine. Centuries of Ottoman rule followed, ending when Britain took control after World War I under a League of Nations mandate. The Kingdom of Iraq won independence in 1932, later becoming a republic in 1958. The following decades brought Ba'athist rule, the Iran-Iraq War, the Gulf War, and the 2003 US-led invasion that toppled Saddam Hussein. Since then, Iraq has been rebuilding its institutions and civic life while carrying forward one of the deepest literary and scholarly heritages in human history.
Timeline โ key moments
- circa 3200 BCE
Sumerians in southern Mesopotamia develop cuneiform, one of the earliest writing systems.
- circa 1754 BCE
King Hammurabi of Babylon issues the Code of Hammurabi, one of the oldest known law codes.
- 762 CE
Baghdad is founded as the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate.
- circa 830 CE
The House of Wisdom flourishes in Baghdad during the Islamic Golden Age.
- 1258
Mongol forces sack Baghdad, ending Abbasid rule over the city.
- 1534
Ottoman Empire brings Iraq under its control.
- 1920
Britain administers Iraq as a League of Nations mandate after World War I.
- 1932
Kingdom of Iraq gains independence from British administration (3 October).
- 1958
Monarchy overthrown; Iraq becomes a republic.
- 2003
US-led invasion topples the Saddam Hussein government.
Top 10 things to know about Iraq
- Iraq sits on the land of ancient Mesopotamia, often called the "cradle of civilization".
- The Sumerians of southern Iraq developed cuneiform, one of the earliest writing systems.
- The Code of Hammurabi, one of the oldest surviving legal codes, originated in Babylon.
- Baghdad was the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate and a global center of learning during the Islamic Golden Age.
- Arabic is the official language; Kurdish is co-official in the Kurdistan Region.
- The Tigris and Euphrates rivers, which shaped ancient irrigation and cities, both run through Iraq.
- Iraq holds some of the world's largest proven oil reserves.
- The ancient city of Babylon and the ziggurat of Ur are UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Iraq.
- Islam is the majority religion, with both Shia and Sunni communities.
- The Iraqi Dinar is the national currency.
Famous people from Iraq
King of Babylon
Issued the Code of Hammurabi, one of the earliest written legal codes, circa 1754 BCE.
Mathematician & astronomer
Worked at the House of Wisdom in Baghdad; the word "algorithm" derives from his name.
Scientist
Pioneering scholar of optics active in the Abbasid intellectual world.
Poet
A founding figure of free verse in modern Arabic poetry.
Novelist
Author of "Frankenstein in Baghdad", winner of the International Prize for Arabic Fiction.
Say it in Iraq's language
Hello
ู ุฑุญุจุง
marhaba
Peace be upon you (hello)
ุงูุณูุงู ุนูููู
as-salamu alaykum
Thank you
ุดูุฑุง
shukran
Did you know?
- โ The word "algorithm" comes from the name of the Baghdad-based mathematician Al-Khwarizmi.
- โ Iraq is home to the ruins of Babylon, once one of the largest cities in the ancient world.
- โ The ancient Sumerians of southern Iraq are credited with one of the world's earliest writing systems, cuneiform.
Iraq culture
- Masgouf, grilled carp seasoned and cooked over an open fire, is considered a national dish.
- Maqam Al-Iraqi, a classical vocal and instrumental music tradition, is recognized by UNESCO as intangible cultural heritage.
- Traditional woven reed houses of the southern marshes reflect a way of life going back millennia.
- Hospitality customs, including strong tea and coffee served to guests, are central to daily social life.
Why read Iraq's books
Iraq's literary heritage stretches from the world's first written epics in cuneiform to the poetry and prose of the modern Arab world. Reading Iraq's books connects a tradition of storytelling and scholarship thousands of years deep to the voices writing today.
Continue exploring
Spotted an error about Iraq? Report a correction โ we fix fast. Every fact here is checked, but if we got something wrong, tell us.